Laser welding equipment is a machine equipment used for laser material processing, with large welding depth and high welding quality. Although laser welding equipment has good welding effects, improper operation may also result in hot or cold cracks. So how do laser welding equipment generate welding cracks?

1. Metallurgical factors

The unbalanced rapid heating and rapid cooling characteristics of laser welding result in the entire joint being in a complex stress state, which constitutes the mechanical factor of joint cracking; Laser welding is a comprehensive process of a series of unbalanced processes. In the rapid metallurgical solidification process, there will inevitably be uneven distribution of components and low crack resistance quenched microstructure, which constitute metallurgical factors that promote crack initiation.

2. Mechanical factors

There are three main types of cracks generated during the welding process of laser welding machines: structural cracks, liquefaction cracks, and quasi reheat cracks. Crystal cracks are related to the compositional heterogeneity in the macroscopic region of the weld seam. The central area of the weld seam is the area where the liquid phase crystallizes late. The columnar crystals on both sides of the weld seam intersect here, and a large amount of low melting point impurities also accumulate here, forming centerline segregation, thereby reducing the bonding strength at this area. Under certain mechanical conditions, cracks occur in this area.
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